United States History Student Edition

encounter, yet Cornwallis would soon face a new kind of warfare. The British had counted on strong Loyalist support in the South, but they received less help than expected. Instead, as British forces moved through the countryside, small forces of Patriots attacked them. These bands of soldiers appeared suddenly, fired their weapons, and then disappeared. This hit-and-run technique caught the British off guard. Francis Marion achieved great success as a Patriot leader in the South. Marion, who was known as the “Swamp Fox,” operated out of the swamps of eastern South Carolina. He was quick and smart. One British colonel grumbled that “the devil himself” could not catch Marion. American Successes Great Britain also found itself with another new enemy when Spain declared war on Britain in

1779. The Spanish governor of Louisiana, Bernardo de Gálvez (GAHL•ves), had supplies and ammunition shipped up the Mississippi River to American troops in the west. It was with this help that George Rogers Clark captured the key posts of Kaskaskia and Vincennes. In October 1780, Nathanael Greene became commander of the Continental forces in the South. To attack Cornwallis’s forces, Greene split his army in two. In January 1781, one section defeated the British at Cowpens, South Carolina, and another section joined Francis Marion’s raids. Greene combined his forces in March. Then, he met Cornwallis’s army at Guilford Courthouse, in present-day Greensboro, North Carolina. Greene’s army was forced to retreat, but the British sustained great losses in the process. General Cornwallis gave up the campaign to conquer the Carolinas.

sustain to suffer or experience

The Revolutionary War in the West and South, 1778–1781 Starting in 1778, many Revolutionary War battles took place in the West and the South.

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McGraw-Hill National Social Studies Map Title: The Revolutionary War in the West and South, 1778–1781 File Name: MS_USH_SE_T04_L08_001M GEOGRAPHY CONNECTION 1. Exploring Place Based on this map, what was the southernmost battle between the Patriots and the British? 2. Spatial Thinking Why do you think the British wanted to capture ports at Savannah and Charles T wn? Map Size: 41p9 x 23p0 3 rd Proof: 20-Jul-2020

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The American Revolution