United States History Student Edition

C The Northwest Ordinance

Two years after passing the Land Ordinance of 1785, Congress worked to create a government for the area that became known as the Northwest Territory. Lawmakers passed a new ordinance with a plan for admitting new states created from this territory. The law also provided a bill of rights to protect the area’s residents. PRIMARY SOURCE: LEGISLATION “ Art. 5. There shall be formed in the said territory, not less than three nor more than five States. . . And, whenever any of the said States shall have sixty thousand free inhabitants therein, such State shall be admitted, by its delegates, into the Congress of the United States, on an equal footing with the original States in all respects whatever, and shall be at liberty to form a permanent constitution and State government: Provided, the constitution and government so to be formed, shall be republican, and in conformity to the principles contained in these articles; and, so far as it can be consistent with the general interest of the confederacy, such admission shall be allowed at an earlier period, and when there may be a less number of free inhabitants in the State than sixty thousand. Art. 6. There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in the said territory, otherwise than in the punishment of crimes whereof the party shall have been duly convicted: Provided, always, That any person escaping into the same, from whom labor or service is lawfully claimed in any one of the original States, such fugitive may be lawfully reclaimed and conveyed to the person claiming his or her labor or service as aforesaid. ” inhabitant resident

conformity the following of certain rules servitude the state of not living freely

EXAMINE THE SOURCE 1. Explaining What conditions does the Ordinance set for a new state to be formed? Why do you think these conditions were considered important? 2. Analyzing Point of View What subject is addressed in Article 6 of the Ordinance? Do the conditions set in the article appear to be a compromise between those who did and did not approve of slavery? Explain.

Northwest Ordinance, July 13, 1787; (National Archives Microfilm Publication M332, roll 9); Miscellaneous Papers of the Continental Congress, 1774-1789; Records of the Continental and Confederation Congresses and the Constitutional Convention, 1774-1789, Record Group 360; National Archives.

First Governments and the Constitution 179