United States History Student Edition

North American Land Claims, 1828 When Mexico gained independence in 1821, Spanish control of lands in North America ended. Russia and Great Britain were the only remaining colonial powers with claims on the continent.

50°N

130°W

120°W

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Disputed BRITISH NORTH AMERICA

Disputed

(U.S.-British joint occupation) OREGON COUNTRY

Maine

Vt.

N.H.

Michigan Territory

Mass.

N.Y.

Conn. R.I.

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Unorganized Territory

Pa.

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Del. N.J.

Ohio

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Ill. Ind.

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Virginia

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Tenn. Ky.

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ATLANTIC OCEAN

Ark. Terr.

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MEXICO

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Miss. Ala.

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PACI FIC OCEAN

Fla. Terr.

United States United States territories

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400 miles

400 kilometers

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Albers Equal-Area projection

GEOGRAPHY CONNECTION 1. Exploring Location Which U.S. states and territories shared a border with land claimed by another country? 2. Global Interconnections Which countries claimed the Oregon Country? How might this joint ownership have impacted relations between the two countries?

In one of the last battles of the war, American troops led by Andrew Jackson earned a major victory at New Orleans, and Jackson became a national hero. A Growing Economy Changes to the United States economy took place during this time, as well. The U.S. economy was primarily agricultural when the Industrial Revolution reached the United States around 1800. The Industrial Revolution was the historic shift that took place as people left their homes and farms to work in factories equipped with machines. Manufacturing grew in New England, where rivers powered the factory machines. While cities and towns developed around the factories, port cities such as New York, Boston, and Baltimore also grew as centers of commerce and trade.

The Industrial Revolution also affected agriculture. New machines changed the way people made cloth and greatly increased the need for raw materials such as southern cotton. Eli Whitney’s cotton gin enabled cotton production to skyrocket. Trade in enslaved Africans, who were forced to work in the expanding cotton fields, also increased. By the 1820s, the United States stood poised for great changes. The government created by the Constitution had faced transitions and adapted well. New territory tempted Americans to keep moving to the South and West. New technologies made for easier travel, new jobs, and growing wealth. Many, but not all, Americans shared in the country’s successes. Some Americans sought to participate more in the country’s politics. Some sought even more lands to farm. Some, however, sought only to keep the lands that had been theirs for generations. Political and Geographic Changes 303