United States History Student Edition

02 The Industrial North

Technology and Industry GUIDING QUESTION

READING STRATEGY Analyzing Key Ideas and Details Read carefully to identify the three phases of the development of industrialization in the North. Use a diagram like the one shown to describe those phases. Which phase led to mass production?

How did technology and industry change during the 1800s? The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the 1700s and carried into the mid-1800s. In the United States, an economy that had been dominated by agriculture began a slow shift to large-scale industry. The development of industry made it possible for Americans to produce goods and resources and transport them across the country and around the world. The innovation in industry and technology during the early 1800s changed the ways in which Americans worked, traveled, and communicated. The new ways of working and living affected the whole nation, but the transformation was most dramatic in the North. Three Phases of Industrialization Before industrialization, workers made most goods one item at a time, from start to finish. To make clothes, a woman might spin the thread, weave the cloth, and then cut and sew the fabric. Industrialization changed that way of working.

Development of Industrialization

Phase One

Phase Two

Phase Three

innovation a new development or invention

FLORIDA BENCHMARKS

• SS.8.A.1.2 • SS.8.A.4.5 • SS.8.A.4.6 • SS.8.A.4.10 • SS.8.CG.1.3 • SS.8.E.2.1 • SS.8.E.3.1 • SS.8.G.2.1 • SS.8.G.2.3 • SS.8.G.3.1 • SS.8.G.4.1 • SS.8.G.4.5 • SS.8.G.5.2 • SS.8.G.6.2

This illustration from 1852 shows a cotton mill in the city of Lowell, Massachusetts. This area was home to a number of textile mills during the Industrial Revolution because of the site’s location on the Merrimack River and its closeness to other resources.

• ELA.K12.EE.1.1 • ELA.K12.EE.4.1 • ELA.K12.EE.5.1 • ELA.K12.EE.6.1

North Wind Picture Archives/Alamy Stock Photo

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