United States History Student Edition

06 Reviewing The First Americans

Summary

• During the last ice age, ocean levels lowered and Beringia emerged. • More than 13,000 years ago, people first traveled from Siberia to Alaska, either across Beringia by land or by boat or both. • Over time, people migrated from the Northwest, populating the whole of North and South America. • The earliest peoples were nomadic hunters and gatherers. • As people learned to farm, some became semi-nomadic and some settled in one place permanently. • Settled peoples developed advanced cultures.

The First Americans

The Transition to Settled Society

Great Civilizations

South America • Inca (peak: 1500s C.E.)

Mexico • Olmec (1200– 800 B.C.E.) • Maya (250– 1200 C.E.) • Aztec (founded 1325 C.E.)

North of Mexico • Mound Builders: Adena (800 B.C.E. to 100 C.E.), Hopewell (200 B.C.E. to 500 C.E.), Mississippian (after 900 C.E.) Puebloans (1–1300 C.E.) • Hohokam (200 to 1400 C.E.) • Ancient

Native American Cultures in 1492

• Far North—Inuit, Inupiak, Yupik, Aleut • West—Nez Perce, Yakama, Tlingit, Haida, Chinook, Tillamook, Ute, Shoshone, Yuki, Pomo • Southwest—Hopi, Navajo, Apache, Zuni • Plains—Blackfeet, Crow, Sioux, Comanche, Cheyenne, Arapaho • Eastern Woodlands—Algonquian, Iroquois, Susquehanna, Pequot, Erie • Southeast—Cherokee, Catawba, Choctaw, Shawnee, Chickasaw

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The First Americans