United States History Student Edition

War in the West Gaining control of the West was a key part of the Union’s war strategy.

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Indiana

Kansas

Illinois

West Virginia

Louisville

Perryville Oct. 8, 1862

Missouri

Virginia

Union states Confederate states Union victory Confederate victory

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Kentucky

Paducah

Ft. Donelson Feb. 16, 1862

Ft. Henry Feb. 6, 1862

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North Carolina

Pea Ridge March 6–8, 1862

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Murfreesboro

Nashville

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Indian Territory

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Shiloh April 6–7, 1862

Chickamauga Sept. 19–20, 1863 Chattanooga Nov. 23–25,1863

Tennessee

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Memphis

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South Carolina

Corinth Oct. 4, 1862

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Decatur Birmingham

Atlanta

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Dallas

Alabama

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Jackson May 14, 1863

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Vicksburg May–July 1863

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Jackson

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Natchez

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Mobile

Baton Rouge

Port Hudson May–July 1863

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Sabine Pass Sept. 8, 1863

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Florida

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New Orleans

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Galveston Oct. 4, 1862

Gulf of Mexico

GEOGRAPHY CONNECTION 1. Exploring Regions Where did the Confederates win battles in the West? 2. Exploring Place Which battle was fought outside of the Confederate states in the West? Which side won the battle?

Soon after Shiloh, the North won another key victory. On April 25, 1862, Union naval forces under David Farragut captured New Orleans, Louisiana, the largest city in the South. Farragut, who was of Spanish descent, grew up in the South but remained loyal to the Union. The capture of New Orleans meant that the Confederacy could no longer use the Mississippi River to carry its goods to sea. The city’s fall also left the Confederate stronghold of Vicksburg, Mississippi, as the only major obstacle to the Union’s strategy in the West. 7 CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING 1. Describing How did the loss of New Orleans affect the Confederacy? 2. Identifying Cause and Effect What were the consequences of the battle between the Virginia and the Monitor ?

Confederate leaders decided to strike before more troops arrived to reinforce the Union. Early on the morning of April 6, Generals Albert Sidney Johnston and P. G. T. Beauregard led Confederate forces in a surprise attack. The battle lasted two days. It was a narrow victory for the Union, but the losses were enormous. Together, the two armies suffered more than 23,000 casualties (KA•zhuhl•teez)—people killed, wounded, captured, or missing. After Shiloh, Union troops laid siege to Corinth, forcing the Confederates to withdraw. The Union army occupied the town on May 30. Memphis, Tennessee, fell to Union forces on June 6. The North seemed well on its way to controlling the Mississippi River. reinforce to strengthen casualty soldier who is killed, wounded, or captured

Division and Civil War 435