United States History Student Edition

06 Geographer’s Handbook

History and Geography GUIDING QUESTION How do geographers use the Five Themes and Six Essential Elements of Geography? What do you think of when you are asked to describe the world around you? Do you think of the environment? Do you think of the people? Do you think of your natural surroundings? Geographers study these questions and more. Geography is the study of Earth and its people, places, and natural surroundings, or environment. Geographers look at people and the world in which they live mainly in terms of space and place. Geographers ask questions such as: “Why do they live there?” and “How do people and their environment act on one another?” Five Themes of Geography To understand how our world is connected, some geographers have organized the study of geography into five themes.

READING STRATEGY Analyzing Key Ideas and Details As you read the lesson, list the five themes of geography on a graphic organizer like the one below. Add several details about each theme.

Themes

geography the study of Earth, including its physical, biological, and cultural features

The Northwest Territory This map shows the absolute location of the region known as the Northwest Territory in the early 1800s.

90°W

80°W

50°N

70°W

Township baseline 6 miles

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6 5 4 3 2 1 7 8 9 10 11 12 18 17 16 15 14 13 19 20 21 22 23 24 30 29 28 27 26 25 31 32 33 34 35 36

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Fort Mackinac

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M i s s i s s i p

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Wisconsin

p i R .

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Michigan

L a k e

Fort Detroit

Reserved for schools Reserved for federal government

N I S H

Half Section 320 acres

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Lake Erie

1 mile

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40°N

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L O U

FLORIDA BENCHMARKS

Ohio

Illinois

Indiana

Quarter Section 160 acres

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The arrangement of township sections shown here was adopted in 1796.

• SS.8.A.1.2 • SS.8.G.1.1 • SS.8.G.1.2 • SS.8.G.2.1 • SS.8.G.3.1 • SS.8.G.3.2 • SS.8.G.5.1 • SS.8.G.5.2

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ATLANTIC OCEAN

Northwest Territory Present-day state boundaries

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300 miles

300 kilometers

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Albers Equal-Area Conic projection

McGraw-Hill National Social Studies Map Title: The Northwest Territory File Name: MS_USH_SE_T05_L02_001M

HT27

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Map Size: 41p9 x 29p3 2 nd Proof: 06-Mar-2020