United States History Student Edition

Dispatches of Hernando Cortés • Federalists

82; in New York state, 184; in Pennsylvania, 184; percentage of population of, m441 ; plantation life, 382, p383 ; population in Southern states, g382 , 387; preserving African culture, 383–84; in Revolutionary War, 142–43; during Revolutionary War, 148; reward poster, 389; in Rhode Island, 184; Saint Domingue revolt, 154; Salem, Peter, 142–43; slave badges, p392 ; slave codes, 384, 476; on slave ships, ptg358 ; in Southern colonies, 90–92, ptg92 , 109; Southern population of, c360 ; Thirteenth Amendment, c478 , 481; Three-Fifths Compromise, 187–88; treatment of, 356; in triangular trade, 91–92, m91 ; Underground Railroad, 385, p394 , 419; United States Constitution, 200; in Virginia colony, 85, 100 entrenched, 457 enumerated powers, 202 environmental issues: society and, cHT28 equal protection, 209 Equal Rights Leagues, 480 Equator, HT29–HT30 Equiano, Olaudah, ptg65 Era of Good Feelings, 283 eras , HT9 Erie Canal, c240 , 281–82, m281 , ptg282 , 363 Eriksson, Leif, 44 espionage: during American Revolution, c107 , ptg107 ; Andre, John, ptg107 ; Culper spy ring, p107 ; tools and techniques of, c107 52–53, c52 ; Florida claimed by (1656), m66 ; New Mexico claimed by (1656), m66 ; Reformation, 50–51; during Renaissance, 38–39; during Washington’s presidency, 246; See also specific countries. Europe: Columbian Exchange, evidence, examining and analyzing, HT12–HT13 executive branch: Cabinet of, 241–42; checks and balances, 203, c203; defined, 241; military force under, 208; under New Jersey Plan, c186, 239; organization of, 208, c211; powers of, 191; President of United States, 208; separation of powers, 203; under Virginia Plan, c186, 239

Dispatches of Hernando Cortés, q61 district courts, 208 Dix, Dorothea, 395, 446, p446 Dixon, Jeremiah, 86 DNA, HT8 domestic slave trade, 379 Doughty, Thomas, 288, ptg288 Douglas, Stephen A., 422, 423, 425–26, ptg426 , 427, m428 , 464 Douglass, Frederick, 385, q388 , due process, 209, 482 dugout canoes, 23, p23 Dunmore, Lord, 140 Dutch: explorations by, ptg33 , m46; settling New Amsterdam, 33, ptg33 , c36 Dutch West India Company, 54, 81 E Eastern region : geography of, 4–5; Native American peoples in, m5 , 19–20 Eastern woodlands , 19–20 economy and economics : under p388 , 395, 417–18, p418 , 437, ptg473 , 476; Life and Times of Frederick Douglass, The , q496 draft riots, 448, ptg448 Dred Scott v. Sandford , 204, 424–25, p425 , 437, 476 Alexander Hamilton, 243–45; under Articles of Confederation, 238; during Civil War,448–49; in colonial America, 89–92, 98, q98 , 108–109; early 1800s growth of, 303; history and, HT23–HT25 ; late 1700s and early 1800s, 358; mercantilism, 47; opportunity costs, HT24 ; Panic of 1873, 487; peacetime Portugal (in 1500s and 1600s), 49; post-Revolutionary War, 183–84; post-War of 1812, 284; resources and scarcity, HT24 ; during Revolutionary War, 147; Shays’s Rebellion, 183–84, ptg183 ; Spain (in 1500s and 1600s), 47; supply and demand, HT24 ; trade and barter, HT24–HT25 ecosystem, HT28 Ecuador , 287 education , 486–87; in American colonies, 93 integration, 487; post-Civil War, 486–87 Edwards, Jonathan , 93 effigies , 116 elections : 1800, m250 , 251; 1824, 305–6; 1828, 305–6, m306 ;

Exeter , 74 Exodusters , ptg487 , 489–90, p491 , 495 expansionism: See westward expansion. exploration of Africa, c36 ; by early Mediterranean civilizations, 34; by Portugal, 40, m42; technology for, 39–40; trade routes, 40, 41 exploration of the Americas, c36 ; by Dutch, ptg32 , ptg33 , m46 ; by England, 51–52, 67; to establish trade, 45; Florida and, 47; by France, p33 , m46 , 53–54, 67; impact of, 55; by Italy, ptg32 ; Northwest Passage, search for, 51–52; by Portugal, 41, m46 , 66–67; by Spain, 32, ptg32 , 45–48, m46 , m48 , 66–67; technology for, 39–40

1836, 308–9; 1840, 309; 1854, 423; 1856, 423–24, m424 ; 1858, 426; 1860, 427, m428 , 477; 1864, 461; 1866, 482–83; 1868, 484, 487; 1872, 487; 1874, 487; 1876, 487–88, g488 Electoral College , 191, 251 Elizabeth I, queen of England, 50 Elmira , 450 emancipate , 416 Emancipation Proclamation , c414 , 437–38, 439, q442 , ptg443 , 474, 477 embargo, 266 Embargo Act, 266 Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 395, ptg410 emigrants, 325 encountered, 459 England: Anglican Church, 71; colonization of North America, ptg64 ; early colonization of, 64, ptg64 , c68 , 69, 108; exploration of North America, 51–52, 67; fleets, p50 ; leaving Catholic church, 71; Magna Carta (Great Charter), 92, 189–90; military of, 51; Protestantism and, 50–51; Puritans in, 71; Separatists in, 71; Spanish Armada and, 51, p51 . See also Britain. English Bill of Rights, 190 Enlightenment, 190 enslaved people, African: in Africa, 43–44; by Aztec people, 13; Baltimore, William, 456; black codes, 384; during Civil War, 477; in Connecticut, 184; in Deep South, 378; domestic slave trade, 379; Dred Scott v. Sandford , 204, 424–25, p425 , 437, 476; in early colonies, 67; in early English colonies, 65, ptg65 ; Emancipation Proclamation, c414 , 437–38, 439, q442 , ptg443 , 474, 477; Equiano, Olaudah, ptg65 ; escaping slavery, 385; family life, 383, p383 , 476; fighting back, 384–85; forced labor, 358; Fourteenth Amendment, 204; Haiti revolt, 254; Harpers Ferry, 426; importation of banned, 184; indigo growing, 87; Jamestown, 412; Keckley, Elizabeth Hobbs, 455; Lewis and Clark expedition, 256; Liberia, 416; lives of, 382–85, 387–92, 476; March to the Sea, 462; in Maryland colony, 86; Middle Passage, 90–92, m91 ; Native Americans, 48, 67, ptg67 ; Negro Laws, 384; in New Jersey, 184; in New Spain, 48; in New York colony,

exports, HT25 , 49

F factories : child labor, 368;

in Lowell, MA, 278, ptg278, ptg302, ptg361 ; rise of, 278, 359, 362; trade unions, 368; work conditions, 367–68

Family Stories From the Trail of Tears (Mary Hill), q321 Farewell Address , George Washington, 246 farming : agricultural equipment, pHT24 ; by Creek, Cherokee, and Chickasaw people, 20; by early Native Americans, 10; by Hopi, Acoma, and Zuni people, 18; by Iroquois people, 19; irrigation systems for, 16, 18; by Maya, 12; by Navajo people, 18; by Olmec people, 11; tenant farmers, 54; terrace farming, 13. See also agriculture. establishment of, 242 federal government, branches of: Electoral College, 191; executive branch, 191; legislative branch, 191, 207–8; powers of, 190, c191 . See also Constitution of the United States. federalism , 190–91, crt199 , 202 The Federalist, No. 51 (James Madison or Alexander Hamilton), q197 Federalists , crt248 , 256; Adams, John, 248; Alien and Sedition Acts, 249–50, c249 ; beliefs of, Farragut, David, 435 federal court system,

247–48; election of 1800, m250 , 251; end of, 270;

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