United States History Student Edition

federal treasury • Goode’s Interrupted Equal-Area projection

formation of, 302; Hamilton, Alexander, 247; Pickney, Thomas, 248; secession plot by, 256–58; United States Constitution, 193 federal treasury, 309 Female Spy of the Union Army: The Thrilling Adventures, Experience, and Escapes of a Woman, As Nurse, Spy, and Scout in Hospitals, Camps, and Battle-Fields (Sarah Edmonds), 453 Ferdinand, king of Spain, 45, 67 Fifteenth Amendment, 205, 484, 489 Fifth Amendment, 209 “Fifty-Four Forty or Fight,” 327 54th Massachusetts, 458 Fight for the Colors (Don Troiani), ptg411 Fillmore, Millard, 422 Finney, Charles Grandison, 394 First Amendment, 209 First Continental Congress, c110 , 127, p127 , 169 First people. See Native Americans. First Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation Before the Cabinet, The (Francis B. Carpenter), ptg438 First Reconstruction Act, 483 Fitch, John, 281 “ Five Civilized Tribes,” 311, 315–16 Five Points, 374 Five Themes of Geography, HT27–HT28 flank, 457 Fletcher v. Peck, 285 Florentine Codex, ptg55 , ptg57 Florida: African Americans in, 327; Adams–Onís Treaty, 327; Battles in Florida 1861-1865, m461 ; border conflicts, 287, 327; constitution, 328, 483; cotton production, 378; during Civil War, 447, 461; ecosystems, HT29; election of 1876, 488; European claims (1656), m66 ; Florida Everglades, HT29, 5, 315; pioneers, 328; plantations, 328, 382; Reconstruction, 483; secession of, 428, m430 ; Seminole Wars, 287, 314-315; slavery in, 328, 382-383; Spanish explorations of, 47; statehood of, 328; St. Augustine, cHT4; U.S. acquisition of, m326 , 327; women business owners, 397; Florida Crackers, 328; Summerlin, Jacob, p328 Flying Cloud, ptg362

67; Fort Duquesne, 111–12; Fort Frontenac, 112; Fort Louisbourg, 112; French and Indian War, 111– 13, ptg111 , m113 , 168; fur trade, 111, 112; Haiti, 254, ptg254 ; Louisiana Territory, 254; Native American allies, 112; Plains of Abraham, 113; Quebec, 113; Revolution of, 154, 246; war with Britain, 246; XYZ affair, 249 Franklin, Benjamin: Albany Plan of Union, 112, crt112 ; Constitutional Convention, 185, 193, 239; Declaration of Independence committee, 131; President’s sun char, q166 ; Second Continental Congress, 130; Treaty of Paris, 153, ptg153 ; United States Constitution, 193 Franklin, William, ptg140 Franklin County: Diary of William Heyser, q452 Freedom’s Journal (John B. Russwurm and Samuel Cornish), p368 , 369, ptg417 free enterprise, elements of, 278 Freedmen’s Bureau: in Chattanooga, TN, 492; creation of, c478 , 480; powers of, 481 freedom of religion, 204 freedom of speech, 204 freedom of the press, in the Freeport Doctrine, 426 Free-Soil Party, 422 Frémont, Jessie Benton, ptg346 , q346 Frémont, John C., 334, m424, 466 French and Indian War, c110 , m113 ; Britain, 111–13; Fort Duquesne, 111–12; Fort Frontenac, 112; Fort Louisbourg, 112; Fort Necessity, 112; Fort Pitt, 113; France, 111–13, m113 , 168; Iroquois League neutral during, 112; militia in, 111–12, ptg111 ; Ohio Valley conflicts, 111–12, m113 , 168; Pitt, Fuller, Margaret, 395 Fugitive Slave Act, 422–423 fugitive slave laws, 422–23 Fulton, Robert, 281, 285, 302, 362 Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, 73, 168 fur trade, 54, 111, 112, 324 G Gadsden Purchase , 334 colonies, 94; Bill of Rights, 204 William, 112–13; Plains of Abraham, 113; Quebec, 113; Washington, George, 111–12, ptg111

Gallaudet, Thomas, 394 Garrison, William Lloyd, c414 , 416–17, p416 , 420, crt440 , 476 General Assembly , formation of, 109 generalizations , HT21 general-purpose maps , HT31 Geneva College , 398 Genius of Universal Emancipation (Benjamin Lundy), 416 Genoa, Italy , 37 Geographer’s Handbook , HT27–HT32 geography : absolute location, HT28; cardinal directions, HT32, mHT31 ; dictionary, RA2–RA3; Equator, HT29–HT30; Five Themes of, HT27–HT28; mHT27 , hemispheres, HT29, mHT29 , mHT30 ; latitude, HT30, mHT30 ; longitude, HT30, mHT30 ; of North America, 4–5, m5 ; Northern Hemisphere, HT30; Prime Meridian, HT30; relative location, HT28; Six Essential Elements of, HT28; Southern Hemisphere, HT30 George III, king of England, ptg121 ; Coercive Acts, 120, ptg120 , 127; Intolerable Acts, 120, ptg120 , 169; Olive Branch Petition, 130; Proclamation of 1763, 114, 115, m115 Georgia : Cherokee Nation, 312–14; constitutions of, 171; secession of, 428 Georgia Colony , c68 Georgia colony , m86 , m109 ; debtors colony, 88, 108; Savannah, 88 Germantown , 83 Germany : immigrants from, 370; militarism. Gerry, Elbridge , 188 Gettysburg Address , c414 , 460 Ghana Empire , 42 Gibbons, Thomas , 285 Gibbons v. Ogden , 252, 285 Gilmer, John , 465 Ginsburg, Ruth Bader , 208 globally competent citizen , HT26 globes , using , mHT29 , mHT29 –HT30, mHT30 gold : conquistadors and, 46–47; early trade of, 41; mercantilism, 49; in Western African Empires, 42 Gold Rush , 300, p300 ; beginning of, c304 , p304 ; clipper ships, ptg300 ; forty-niners, 341–43; Sutter’s Mill, 341, 345 Goode’s Interrupted Equal-Area projection , HT30, mHT30 Index A61

food sources: of Aleut, Inuit, Yupik, and Inupiat people, 17; of California native people, p26 ; Columbian Exchange, 52–53, p52 , m58 ; of Creek, Cherokee, and Chickasaw people, 20; of early Native Americans, 9–10; of Great Plains people, 18–19; of Hopi, Acoma, and Zuni people, 18; of Navajo people, 18; of Pomo people, 18; of Tlingit, Haida, and Chinook people, 18; of Yakama and Nez Perce people, 18 Foote, Andrew, 434 Force Bill, 308 Ford’s Theatre, 474, c478 , 481, ptg481 foreign policy: with Britain, 176, 238, 286; during George Washington’s presidency, 246; with Spain, 238 Fort Duquesne, 111–12 Fort Frontenac, 112 Fort Henry, 434 Fort Louisbourg, 112–13 Fort McHenry, ptg235 , 269 Fort Mose, 327 Fort Necessity, 112 Fort Sumter, 429–30 Fort Ticonderoga, 129, 144 fossils, HT7 Foster, Stephen C., 288, ptg402 Founders, 239 fountain of youth, 47 Fourteenth Amendment, 204, 209, 424–25, p425 , c478 , 482–83 forty-niners, 341–43 frame of reference, HT14 Framers of the Constitution, 167, c167 , p167 ; amendment process, 205–6, c205 ; Baron de Montesquieu influencing, 190; basic freedoms, 209; Bill of Rights, 204; checks and balances, 192, 203, c203 ; concurrent powers, 202; Enlightenment influencing, 190; enumerated powers, 202; European influences, 189–90; federalism, 202; individual government, 202; Madison, James, 141, q167 , 185, 190; Morris, Gouverneur, ptg202 ; popular sovereignty, 201; republican form of government, 202; reserved powers, 202; separation of powers, 203 France: aiding American Patriots, 144, 152; cedes Canada to Britain, c110 , 113; colonies of, 67; Crusades, m35 ; and New Orleans, ptg33 ; explorations by, ptg32 , ptg33 , m46 , 52, 53–54, rights, 204; John Locke influencing, 190; limited

Gage, Thomas, 128 Gallatin, Albert, 251